AWS DevOps Engineer Professional Exam

Question No:-1

A company runs an application with an Amazon EC2 and on-premises configuration. A DevOps Engineer needs to standardize patching across both environments. Company policy dictates that patching only happens during non-business hours.

Which combination of actions will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

  1. Add the physical machines into AWS Systems Manager using Systems Manager Hybrid Activations.
  2. Attach an IAM role to the EC2 instances, allowing them to be managed by AWS Systems Manager.
  3. Create IAM access keys for the on-premises machines to interact with AWS Systems Manager.
  4. Execute an AWS Systems Manager Automation document to patch the systems every hour.
  5. Use Amazon CloudWatch Events scheduled events to schedule a patch window.
  6. Use AWS Systems Manager Maintenance Windows to schedule a patch window.

Question No:-2

A company plans to stop using Amazon EC2 key pairs for SSH access, and instead plans to use AWS Systems Manager Session Manager. To further enhance security, access to Session Manager must take place over a private network only.

Which combinations of actions will accomplish this? (Choose two.)

  1. Allow inbound access to TCP port 22 in all associated EC2 security groups from the VPC CIDR range.
  2. Attach an IAM policy with the necessary Systems Manager permissions to the existing IAM instance profile.
  3. Create a VPC endpoint for Systems Manager in the desired Region.
  4. Deploy a new EC2 instance that will act as a bastion host to the rest of the EC2 instance fleet.
  5. Remove any default routes in the associated route tables.

Question No:-3

A DevOps engineer used an AWS CloudFormation custom resource to set up AD Connector. The AWS Lambda function executed and created AD Connector, but CloudFormation is not transitioning from CREATE_IN_PROGRESS to CREATE_COMPLETE.

Which action should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

  1. Ensure the Lambda function code has exited successfully.
  2. Ensure the Lambda function code returns a response to the pre-signed URL.
  3. Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has cloudformation:UpdateStack permissions for the stack ARN.
  4. Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has ds:ConnectDirectory permissions for the AWS account.

Question No:-4

A company's application is currently deployed to a single AWS Region. Recently, the company opened a new office on a different continent. The users in the new office are experiencing high latency. The company's application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and uses Amazon DynamoDB as the database layer. The instances run in an EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. A DevOps Engineer is tasked with minimizing application response times and improving availability for users in both Regions.

Which combination of actions should be taken to address the latency issues? (Choose three.)

  1. Create a new DynamoDB table in the new Region with cross-Region replication enabled.
  2. Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group global resources and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.
  3. Create new ALB and Auto Scaling group resources in the new Region and configure the new ALB to direct traffic to the new Auto Scaling group.
  4. Create Amazon Route 53 records, health checks, and latency-based routing policies to route to the ALB.
  5. Create Amazon Route 53 aliases, health checks, and failover routing policies to route to the ALB.
  6. Convert the DynamoDB table to a global table.

Question No:-5

A company wants to migrate its content sharing web application hosted on Amazon EC2 to a serverless architecture. The company currently deploys changes to its application by creating a new Auto Scaling group of EC2 instances and a new Elastic Load Balancer, and then shifting the traffic away using an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy.

For its new serverless application, the company is planning to use Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The company will need to update its deployment processes to work with the new application. It will also need to retain the ability to test new features on a small number of users before rolling the features out to the entire user base.

Which deployment strategy will meet these requirements?

  1. Use AWS CDK to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions. When code needs to be changed, update the AWS CloudFormation stack and deploy the new version of the APIs and Lambda functions. Use a Route 53 failover routing policy for the canary release strategy.
  2. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions using Lambda function versions. When code needs to be changed, update the CloudFormation stack with the new Lambda code and update the API versions using a canary release strategy. Promote the new version when testing is complete.
  3. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to deploy API Gateway and Lambda functions. When code needs to be changed, deploy a new version of the API and Lambda functions. Shift traffic gradually using an Elastic Beanstalk blue/green deployment.
  4. Use AWS OpsWorks to deploy API Gateway in the service layer and Lambda functions in a custom layer. When code needs to be changed, use OpsWorks to perform a blue/green deployment and shift traffic gradually.

Question No:-6

A company has many applications. Different teams in the company developed the applications by using multiple languages and frameworks. The applications run on premises and on different servers with different operating systems. Each team has its own release protocol and process. The company wants to reduce the complexity of the release and maintenance of these applications.

The company is migrating its technology stacks, including these applications, to AWS. The company wants centralized control of source code, a consistent and automatic delivery pipeline, and as few maintenance tasks as possible on the underlying infrastructure.

What should a DevOps engineer do to meet these requirements?

  1. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for all applications. Put each application's code in different branch. Merge the branches, and use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to one centralized application server.
  2. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications Use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications one at a time. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to one centralized application server.
  3. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build the applications one at a time to create one AMI for each server. Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to automatically provision and decommission Amazon EC2 fleets by using these AMIs.
  4. Create one AWS CodeCommit repository for each of the applications. Use AWS CodeBuild to build one Docker image for each application in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the applications to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) on infrastructure that AWS Fargate manages.

Question No:-7

A DevOps engineer is developing an application for a company. The application needs to persist files to Amazon S3. The application needs to upload files with different security classifications that the company defines. These classifications include confidential, private, and public. Files that have a confidential classification must not be viewable by anyone other than the user who uploaded them. The application uses the IAM role of the user to call the S3 API operations.

The DevOps engineer has modified the application to add a DataClassification tag with the value of confidential and an Owner tag with the uploading user's ID to each confidential object that is uploaded to Amazon S3.

Which set of additional steps must the DevOps engineer take to meet the company's requirements?

  1. Modify the S3 bucket's ACL to grant bucket-owner-read access to the uploading user's IAM role. Create an IAM policy that grants s3:GetObject operations on the S3 bucket when aws:ResourceTag/DataClassification equals confidential, and s3:ExistingObjectTag/Owner equals ${aws:userid}. Attach the policy to the IAM roles for users who require access to the S3 bucket.
  2. Modify the S3 bucket policy to allow the s3:GetObject action when aws:ResourceTag/DataClassification equals confidential, and s3:ExistingObjectTag/Owner equals ${aws:userid}. Create an IAM policy that grants s3:GetObject operations on the S3 bucket. Attach the policy to the IAM roles for users who require access to the S3 bucket.
  3. Modify the S3 bucket policy to allow the s3:GetObject action when aws:ResourceTag/DataClassification equals confidential, and aws:RequesttTag/Owner equals ${aws:userid}. Create an IAM policy that grants s3:GetObject operations on the S3 bucket. Attach the policy to the IAM roles for users who require access to the S3 bucket.
  4. Modify the S3 bucket's ACL to grant authenticated-read access when aws:ResourceTag/DataClassification equals confidential, and s3:ExistingObjectTag/Owner equals ${aws:userid}. Create an IAM policy that grants s3:GetObject operations on the S3 bucket. Attach the policy to the IAM roles for users who require access to the S3 bucket.

Question No:-8

A company has developed an AWS Lambda function that handles orders received through an API. The company is using AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda function as the final stage of a CI/CD pipeline.

A DevOps Engineer has noticed there are intermittent failures of the ordering API for a few seconds after deployment. After some investigation, the DevOps Engineer believes the failures are due to database changes not having fully propagated before the Lambda function begins executing. How should the DevOps Engineer overcome this?

  1. Add a BeforeAllowTraffic hook to the AppSpec file that tests and waits for any necessary database changes before traffic can flow to the new version of the Lambda function
  2. Add an AfterAllowTraffic hook to the AppSpec file that forces traffic to wait for any pending database changes before allowing the new version of the Lambda function to respond
  3. Add a BeforeInstall hook to the AppSpec file that tests and waits for any necessary database changes before deploying the new version of the Lambda function
  4. Add a ValidateService hook to the AppSpec file that inspects incoming traffic and rejects the payload if dependent services, such as the database, are not yet ready

Question No:-9

A software company wants to automate the build process for a project where the code is stored in GitHub. When the repository is updated, source code should be compiled, tested, and pushed to Amazon S3.

Which combination of steps would address these requirements? (Choose three.)

  1. Add a buildspec.yml file to the source code with build instructions.
  2. Configure a GitHub webhook to trigger a build every time a code change is pushed to the repository.
  3. Create an AWS CodeBuild project with GitHub as the source repository.
  4. Create an AWS CodeDeploy application with the Amazon EC2/On-Premises compute platform.
  5. Create an AWS OpsWorks deployment with the install dependencies command.
  6. Provision an Amazon EC2 instance to perform the build.

Question No:-10

An online retail company based in the United States plans to expand its operations to Europe and Asia in the next six months. Its product currently runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The instances run in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group across multiple Availability Zones. All data is stored in an Amazon Aurora database instance.

When the product is deployed in multiple regions, the company wants a single product catalog across all regions, but for compliance purposes, its customer information and purchases must be kept in each region.

How should the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of application changes?

  1. Use Amazon Redshift for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB tables for the customer information and purchases.
  2. Use Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the product catalog and regional tables for the customer information and purchases.
  3. Use Aurora with read replicas for the product catalog and additional local Aurora instances in each region for the customer information and purchases.
  4. Use Aurora for the product catalog and Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the customer information and purchases.